Incoterms

1. What are INCOTERMS?

Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) are the rules that govern international trading terms in respect of delivery and insurance. These are reviewed regularly by the International Chambers of Commerce and published.


2. Summary of Definitions: 


2.1. TERMS FOR ANY TRANSPORT MODE

• EXW - EX WORKS (... named place of delivery)  
- The Seller's only responsibility is to make the goods available at the Seller's 
premises. The Buyer bears full costs and risks of moving the goods from there to 
destination.

• FCA - FREE CARRIER (... named place of delivery)  
- The Seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier selected by the 
Buyer. The Seller loads the goods if the carrier pickup is at the Seller's premises. 
From that point, the Buyer bears the costs and risks of moving the goods to 
destination.

• CPT - CARRIAGE PAID TO (... named place of destination)  
- The Seller pays for moving the goods to destination. From the time the goods are 
transferred to the first carrier, the Buyer bears the risks of loss or damage.  

• CIP - CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (... named place of destination)  
- The Seller pays for moving the goods to destination. From the time the goods are 
transferred to the first carrier, the Buyer bears the risks of loss or damage. The 
Seller, however, purchases the cargo insurance.  

• DAT - DELIVERED AT TERMINAL (... named terminal at port or place of 
destination)  
- The Seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of 
transport, are placed at the Buyer's disposal at a named terminal at the named 
port or place of destination. "Terminal" includes any place, whether covered or 
not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. 
The Seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at 
the terminal at the named port or place of destination. 

• DAP - DELIVERED AT PLACE (... named place of destination)  
- The Seller delivers when the goods are placed at the Buyer's disposal on the 
arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the names place of destination. 
The Seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. 

• DDP - DELIVERED DUTY PAID (... named place)  
- The Seller delivers the goods -cleared for import - to the Buyer at destination. 
The Seller bears all costs and risks of moving the goods to destination, including 
the payment of Customs duties and taxes. 


2.2. MARITIME-ONLY TERMS 

• FAS - FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (... named port of shipment)  
- The Seller delivers the goods to the origin port. From that point, the Buyer bears 
all costs and risks of loss or damage.  

• FOB - FREE ON BOARD (... named port of shipment)  
- The Seller delivers the goods on board the ship and clears the goods for export. 
From that point, the Buyer bears all costs and risks of loss or damage.  

• CFR - COST AND FREIGHT (... named port of destination)  
- The Seller clears the goods for export and pays the costs of moving the goods to 
destination. The Buyer bears all risks of loss or damage.  

• CIF - COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (... named port of destination) 
- The Seller clears the goods for export and pays the costs of moving the goods to 
the port of destination. The Buyer bears all risks of loss or damage. The Seller, 
however, purchases the cargo insurance.